![]() Thus, the dissertation views code as a language benefitting from structuralist and post-structuralist linguistic theories. Though it is a formalized and restricted way of communication, code enables communication between humans and machines. By bringing the code back into the surface, it is intended to (re)consider code’s functionality in the process of creating images. Computer code is mostly obscured by the graphical interfaces of the software. This dissertation aims to explore the role of computer code in the process of creating images. It also implies that writing cannot have evolved, at first, for supporting asynchronous communication. This would explain why synchronous, face-to-face communication always fosters the development of sophisticated codes (natural languages), but similar codes for asynchronous communication evolve with more difficulties. Asynchronous communication is intrinsically inefficient because asynchrony constrains the amount of information that the interlocutors share and limits possibilities for repair. We argue that this capacity is a rarity in non-literate societies, and not so frequent even in literate ones. Yet, writing systems will not automatically unlock the capacity to communicate asynchronously. This allows them to support asynchronous communication in a more powerful and versatile way than any other graphic code. Writing systems, unlike other graphic codes, work by encoding a natural language. They may only be used for mnemonic purposes or as props for oral communication in real-time encounters. Yet this capacity usually remains quite unexploited, because most graphic codes are insufficiently informative. This gives them the unique capacity to transmit information in one go across time and space. Like languages, graphic codes consist of stable, conventional mappings between symbols and meanings, but (unlike spoken or signed languages) their symbols consist of enduring images. We analyze writing as a special kind of graphic code. We present a theoretical framework bearing on the evolution of written communication.
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